Dermatitis - a word you've probably heard many times before. It's a common skin condition characterized by itchy, irritated, and dry skin, as well as rashes, which are usually caused by genetics, allergies, and an overly active immune system. But let's start at the beginning, with the naming.

Dermatitis is a word that's composed of "derm," which means skin, and "itis," inflammation. When we put both parts together, we get skin inflammation, which occurs on our skin due to various causes, at a specific time, in a certain form and extent.

Understanding the causes of its occurrence and ways to provide relief and comfort to the skin are crucial for atopic dermatitis. All of this requires quite a bit of research, observation, and adapting to the current condition of the skin.

What is atopic dermatitis or eczema?

Atopic dermatitis is a condition of dry skin with impaired barrier function. Research shows that an imbalance in the amount of fatty acids is one of the causes of dermatitis symptoms. Atopic dermatitis or atopic eczema most commonly affects children during preschool and school age.

The first symptoms usually appear very early in life, around six months of age. Despite this fact, dermatitis often erupts in later stages of growth or in adults and is often conditioned by specific factors that trigger its outbreak. In infants, it most often appears on the cheeks, forehead, and chin. In children and adolescents, it's most common in the areas with the most folds - on the elbows, knees, upper parts of the feet, hands, and neck. In adults, it usually appears on the face, neck, and hands.

A weakened hydrolipidic barrier weakens the skin's protective role, making it more susceptible to irritation and infections. Imbalance in the skin barrier allows allergens to enter the skin, which can cause inflammation. Symptoms accompanying this condition include intense itching, redness, rashes, and a general feeling of discomfort, impacting the overall quality of life. Due to all these factors, atopic dermatitis requires special care during outbreaks and daily support to maintain skin balance.

Is atopic dermatitis the same as eczema?

Both terms refer to the same skin condition, linked to skin inflammation. Both eczema and atopic dermatitis encompass many different skin conditions and are quite common in general use. The terms have the same meaning, so they can often be encountered when discussing skin issues.

Picture of atopic dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis manifests itself in its characteristic form on various areas of the skin.

Phases of Atopic Dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis, or eczema, occurs in three phases. We recognize the acute and subacute phases, as well as the chronic phase. Each of them has its own characteristics and symptoms, ranging from inflamed, reddened, itchy, and scaly skin in the stage of rash development, and if this cycle repeats without stopping, we can talk about chronic dermatitis or eczema.

Atopic dermatitis in the acute phase

The acute phase, also known as the outbreak phase, is marked by the onset of atopic eczema. Symptoms of this condition are typically most intense during this phase, as inflammation occurs in its strongest form. The first sign of acute dermatitis is itching, which usually appears even before the rash develops.

This is precisely what distinguishes atopic eczema. The causes of its occurrence are usually contact with some allergen, a skin reaction in response to an infection in another part of the skin, the growth of bacterial colonies on the skin, but eczema can also be triggered spontaneously without any influence from a trigger.

During this phase, the skin is intensely reddened, itchy, painful to the touch, swollen, and may even develop blisters.

Subacute phase of atopic dermatitis

This is the most common phase of atopic dermatitis. In this phase, the acute condition generally calms down. Symptoms become less pronounced, but at this point, it can quickly revert to an acute state if not treated and cared for appropriately.

Characteristic of the subacute phase are cracks or sores on the skin, peeling of the outer layer, itching, and a tingling sensation. The symptoms are quite similar to those of very dry skin.

Chronic phase

The chronic phase of atopic dermatitis is marked by the prolonged presence of outbreaks. Chronic forms of atopic dermatitis are not only characterized by duration, but they also have specific symptoms that differ from those in the other two phases.

This phase is characterized by thickened, cracked, intensely itchy skin, deeper lines, and a dull and uneven complexion. Prolonged itching is usually what significantly worsens the symptoms in the chronic phase of atopic dermatitis.

The majority of cases of atopic dermatitis start and persist in the subacute phase. However, the condition can worsen even in the healing phase, especially if we haven't provided the skin with adequate supportive care. At that point, atopic dermatitis can transition into the chronic phase.

Causes of occurrence

In some individuals, atopic dermatitis is genetically predisposed, either due to a filaggrin gene defect or due to family history. This is a disorder in the function of the skin's immune response or its barrier role, which affects its protective ability. Due to weak barrier function, the skin struggles to retain moisture and protect against bacteria, irritants, allergens, and environmental factors.

Atopic dermatitis is a systemic immunological disorder with an increased tendency for an inflammatory response, manifested as an imbalance in the function of Th1 and Th2 lymphocytes. In the acute phase, the Th2 immune response dominates, leading to increased production of serum IgE antibodies and suppression of filaggrin protein expression.

One of the possible causes of atopic dermatitis is an overgrowth of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria on the skin. It displaces beneficial bacteria, thus disrupting the protective function of the skin. A weakened skin barrier can trigger an immune system response that initiates inflammation and symptoms of atopic dermatitis.

There is also a confirmed link between atopic dermatitis, asthma, and hay fever. Therefore, if either or all of these conditions are present in the parents, there is a higher likelihood of atopic dermatitis appearing in the child.

Climate and pollution also influence the occurrence of atopic dermatitis. Lower temperatures can increase the chances of its development, as can the impact of pollution.

In some individuals, it appears without a clear cause, often in times of various types of stress or mental distress.

Risk Factors

The primary risk factor for atopic dermatitis is having a personal or family history of eczema, allergies, hay fever, or asthma. Some of the key environmental triggers include factors such as stress, pollution, extreme weather conditions, cigarette smoke, chemicals in cosmetics and detergents, sweat, synthetic fabrics, dry air, pollen, dust mites, allergies, and the condition can be caused by a combination of several factors at once.

Possible complications of atopic dermatitis:

⇒ Many individuals with atopic dermatitis also develop asthma or hay fever concurrently.
⇒ People with atopic dermatitis often develop food allergies. One of the main symptoms of this condition is hives (urticaria).
⇒ A condition called neurodermatitis begins with itchy skin. Scratching the affected area provides only temporary relief. Scratching actually causes the skin to itch more because it activates nerve fibers in your skin. Over time, scratching can become habitual. This condition can cause the affected skin to become discolored, thickened, and leather-like.
⇒ Hyperpigmentation accompanies the post-inflammatory period. Discoloration may take several months to fade.
⇒ Constant scratching that damages the skin can lead to open wounds and cracks, increasing the risk of bacterial and viral infections.
⇒ Irritant hand dermatitis. This particularly affects individuals whose hands are frequently wet and exposed to harsh soaps, detergents, and disinfectants during work.
⇒ Allergic contact dermatitis. This condition is common in people with atopic dermatitis. Allergic contact dermatitis is an itchy rash caused by touching substances to which you are allergic. The rash's color varies according to your skin tone.
⇒ Sleep problems. Itchy skin in atopic dermatitis can disrupt sleep.
⇒ Atopic dermatitis can also be linked to depression and anxiety.

Symptoms of Atopic Dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis or eczema is a condition that manifests in many different ways and varies considerably among individuals. The symptoms of atopic dermatitis can also trigger the disease. Intense itching can provoke scratching, which damages the skin barrier and allows the Staphylococcus aureus bacteria to infect the skin.

This infection causes inflammation and itching, significantly worsening the condition; the skin becomes even more irritable and itchy.

Some of the most characteristic symptoms of dermatitis/eczema are:

⇒ Itching
⇒ Dry and damaged skin
⇒ Discolored skin with varying shades
⇒ Thickened skin
⇒ Discharge, crusts
⇒ Sensitive and irritated skin

Skin Care for Atopic Dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis requires special attention and often medical treatment. Its symptoms can greatly impact the quality of life for those dealing with it.

Today, there are many products and alternative solutions available, supported by scientific findings, and importantly, they do not leave behind unwanted side effects. One of the effective natural solutions for caring for the body or skin with atopic dermatitis is undoubtedly hemp, specifically CBD cannabinoid.

How CBD Affects the Skin

All types of cells that make up our skin, all its layers, are capable of producing their own cannabinoids and have receptors for cannabinoids, even hair follicles. Cannabinoids in the skin play a similar role as in other organs, which is to help maintain biochemical balance.

When the natural balance is disrupted, skin problems usually arise. The good news, however, is that with the help of CBD hemp cannabinoids - phytocannabinoids, this deficiency can be successfully compensated for, thereby assisting the skin.

CBD extract calms skin reactions - itching, redness, and cell division disorders - without causing unwanted side effects. Its exceptional potential is also evident due to its excellent antioxidant properties, which protect the skin from cellular-level damage.

For relieving symptoms of atopic dermatitis or eczema and supporting long-term solutions for related skin issues, we recommend using 100% natural hemp products designed for the most sensitive skin of all family members.

In response to atopic dermatitis, Hemptouch offers products for every step of care.

⇒ Cleansing: A gentle sulfate-free shower cream is created for the most sensitive skin facing symptoms of atopic dermatitis. Its task is to cleanse the skin gently while soothing, moisturizing, and maintaining the balance of the hydro-lipid layer.

⇒ Moisturizing and Soothing: Pristine Forest is a body lotion that immediately moisturizes the skin after showering (within 3 minutes) and also has anti-inflammatory and nourishing effects, as it contains cold-pressed hemp oil and anti-inflammatory CBD extract.

⇒ Special Care: As a special therapeutic care, we recommend applying Therapeutic CBD Balm to areas of atopic eczema in cases of severe inflammation, itching, and acute eczema outbreaks. Alternatively, for eczema in subacute phases, apply Soothing CBD Balm to provide additional protection to the skin and alleviate potential symptoms of imbalance.

Tips for prevention

⇒ Washing should be particularly gentle. Choose a lukewarm shower instead of a bath and limit showering to a maximum of 10 minutes. Select cleansing products that do not contain artificial foaming agents and irritants, but rather soothe and moisturize the skin during the shower itself.
⇒ Do not wipe the skin with harsh strokes, but rather gently pat it dry. Apply skincare products to slightly damp skin (the three-minute rule).
⇒ After exercising, shower quickly to cool down the body and remove sweat – heat and sweat can trigger flare-ups in some people.
⇒ Choose clothing made from natural materials. Sweat can be a potential trigger for atopic dermatitis, so it's even more important to let the skin breathe under your clothes. The best material choices are cotton or linen; instead, avoid synthetic fabrics and wool.
⇒ Avoid known allergens. Atopic skin is very dry because it lacks lipids that protect healthy skin from certain external allergens, such as dust mites. Regular vacuuming and sufficient ventilation of living spaces, especially the bedroom, are essential in this case to prevent potential worsening of the condition.
⇒ Diet is an important factor that can influence the outbreak of atopic dermatitis. Avoid foods that can potentially trigger a reaction. Here are just a few of them: cow's milk, eggs, peanuts, wheat flour, fish, and seafood. In some cases, sesame, kiwi, and nuts can also have a negative impact.
⇒ Properly protect the skin from the sun's rays. Atopic skin is already dry on its own, and the sun further dries it out. Limit your sun exposure, avoid the hours when the sun is most intense, protect yourself with clothing, and choose a sunscreen product with an appropriate factor.
⇒ Ensure quality sleep. Skin prone to atopy is characterized by dry skin that triggers itching, which significantly disrupts sleep. It is advisable to maintain a temperature of 18 to 20 degrees Celsius (64 to 68 degrees Fahrenheit) in the bedroom, as this will prevent the air from becoming too dry. At the same time, provide adapted soothing care that can address dry and itchy skin.

Frequently Asked Questions

What is atopic dermatitis?
Atopic dermatitis is an inflammatory skin condition characterized by itchy, dry, and irritated skin.

What are the symptoms of atopic dermatitis?
The symptoms of atopic dermatitis are dry and sensitive skin that is itchy, red, and often experiences new flare-ups of inflammation.

What is the cause of the appearance of atopic dermatitis?
The most common cause of atopic dermatitis is attributed to genetic predisposition, disruption of the skin barrier function, and environmental influences.

On which parts of the body does it most commonly appear?
Atopic dermatitis can appear anywhere on the body. It can cover the entire body, or it can be limited to the face, folds of the limbs, and hands.

What triggers an outbreak of atopic eczema?
An outbreak of eczema on the skin can be triggered by stress, sweat, allergies, chemicals, dry air, cigarette smoke, etc.

How to take care of skin with atopic dermatitis?
When dealing with atopic dermatitis, it's important to provide the skin with sufficient care that has anti-inflammatory and soothing effects. High-quality natural products derived from hemp, enriched with CBD extract, have proven to be a true solution as they don't cause side effects and support the skin on the path to lasting solutions. Additionally, we must also pay attention to wearing natural fabrics and avoiding potential allergens.
 

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